一些常见的markdown公式汇总。
行内公式与独行公式
行内公式：将公式插入到本行内，符号：\(\$ 公式内容 \$\)
独行公式：将公式插入到新的一行内，并且居中，符号：\(\$\$ 公式内容 \$\$\)
上下标
| 符号 | markdown | eg. |
|---|---|---|
| 上标 | ^ | a^0->\(a^0\) |
| 下标 | _ | a_0->\(a_0\) |
| 组合 | { } | a_{pre}->\(a_{pre}\) |
括号
| 算式 | markdown |
|---|---|
| (, ) | (, ) |
| [, ] | [, ] |
| ⟨,⟩ | \lang, \rang 或 \langle, \rangle |
| ∣,∣ | \lvert, \rvert |
| ∥,∥ | \lVert, \rVert |
| {,} | \lbrace, \rbrace 或 \{, \} |
| \(\big(x\big)\) | \big( x \big) |
| \(\Big( x \Big)\) | \Big( x \Big) |
| \(\bigg( x \bigg)\) | \bigg( x \bigg) |
| \(\Bigg( x \Bigg)\) | \Bigg( x \Bigg) |
分数
| 算式 | markdown |
|---|---|
| \(\frac{a}{b}\) | \frac{a}{b} |
开方
| 算式 | markdown |
|---|---|
| \(\sqrt{a + b}\) | \sqrt{a + b} |
| \(\sqrt[n]{a + b}\) | \sqrt[n]{a + b} |
累加/累乘
| 算式 | markdown |
|---|---|
| \(\sum_{i = 0}^{n}\frac{1}{i^2}\) | \sum_{i = 0}^{n}\frac{1}{i^2} |
| \(\prod_{i = 0}^{n}\frac{1}{x^2}\) | \prod_{i = 0}^{n}\frac{1}{x^2} |
对数
| 算式 | markdown |
|---|---|
| \(\ln{a + b}\) | \ln{a + b} |
| \(\log_{a}^{b}\) | \log_{a}^{b} |
| \(\lg{a + b}\) | \lg{a + b} |
关系符号
| 算式 | markdown |
|---|---|
| \(\leq\) | \leq |
| \(\geq\) | \geq |
| \(\equiv\) | \equiv |
| \(\models\) | \models |
| \(\prec\) | \prec |
| \(\succ\) | \succ |
| \(\sim\) | \sim |
| \(\perp\) | \perp |
| \(\preceq\) | \preceq |
| \(\succeq\) | \succeq |
| \(\simeq\) | \simeq |
| \(\mid\) | \mid |
| \(\ll\) | \ll |
| \(\gg\) | \gg |
| \(\asymp\) | \asymp |
| \(\parallel\) | \parallel |
| \(\approx\) | \approx |
| \(\cong\) | \cong |
| \(\neq\) | \neq |
| \(\doteq\) | \doteq |
| \(\propto\) | \propto |
| \(\bowtie\) | \bowtie |
| \(\Join\) | \Join |
| \(\smile\) | \smile |
| \(\frown\) | \frown |
| \(\vdash\) | \vdash |
| \(\dashv\) | \dashv |
集合
| 算式 | markdown |
|---|---|
| \(\emptyset\) | \emptyset |
| \(\in\) | \in |
| \(\ni\) | \ni |
| \(\notin\) | \notin |
| \(\subset\) | \subset |
| \(\supset\) | \supset |
| \(\not\subset\) | \not\subset |
| \(\subseteq\) | \subseteq |
| \(\supseteq\) | \supseteq |
| \(\cup\) | \cup |
| \(\bigcup\) | \bigcup |
| \(\cap\) | \cap |
| \(\bigcap\) | \bigcap |
| \(\uplus\) | \uplus |
| \(\biguplus\) | \biguplus |
| \(\sqsubset\) | \sqsubset |
| \(\sqsupset\) | \sqsupset |
| \(\sqcap\) | \sqcap |
| \(\sqsubseteq\) | \sqsubseteq |
| \(\sqsupseteq\) | \sqsupseteq |
| \(\vee\) | \vee |
| \(\wedge\) | \wedge |
| \(\setminus\) | \setminus |
希腊字母
| 大写 | markdown | 小写 | markdown |
|---|---|---|---|
| \(\Alpha\) | \Alpha | \(\alpha\) | \alpha |
| \(\Beta\) | \Beta | \(\beta\) | \beta |
| \(\Gamma\) | \Gamma | \(\gamma\) | \gamma |
| \(\Delta\) | \Delta | \(\delta\) | \delta |
| \(\Epsilon\) | \Epsilon | \(\epsilon\) | \epsilon |
| \(\varepsilon\) | \varepsilon | ||
| \(\Zeta\) | \Zeta | \(\zeta\) | \zeta |
| \(\Eta\) | \Eta | \(\eta\) | \eta |
| \(\Theta\) | \Theta | \(\theta\) | \theta |
| \(\Iota\) | \Iota | \(\iota\) | \iota |
| \(\Kappa\) | \Kappa | \(\kappa\) | \kappa |
| \(\Lambda\) | \Lambda | \(\lambda\) | \lambda |
| \(\Mu\) | \Mu | \(\mu\) | \mu |
| \(\Nu\) | \Nu | \(\nu\) | \nu |
| \(\Xi\) | \Xi | \(\xi\) | \xi |
| \(\Omicron\) | \Omicron | \(\omicron\) | \omicron |
| \(\Pi\) | \Pi | \(\pi\) | \pi |
| \(\Rho\) | \Rho | \(\rho\) | \rho |
| \(\Sigma\) | \Sigma | \(\sigma\) | \sigma |
| \(\Tau\) | \Tau | \(\tau\) | \tau |
| \(\Upsilon\) | \Upsilon | \(\upsilon\) | \upsilon |
| \(\Phi\) | \Phi | \(\phi\) | \phi |
| \(\varphi\) | \varphi | ||
| \(\Chi\) | \Chi | \(\chi\) | \chi |
| \(\Psi\) | \Psi | \(\psi\) | \psi |
| \(\Omega\) | \Omega | \(\omega\) | \omega |
省略号
| 算式 | markdown |
|---|---|
| \(\dots\) | \dots |
| \(\ldots\) | \ldots |
| \(\cdots\) | \cdots |
| \(\vdots\) | \vdots |
| \(\ddots\) | \ddots |
eg. x_1, x_2, \dots, x_n \quad \quad 1, 2, \cdots, n \quad \quad \vdots \quad\quad \ddots \[ x_1, x_2, \dots, x_n \quad \quad 1, 2, \cdots, n \quad \quad \vdots \quad\quad \ddots \]
空格
| 算式 | markdown | 描述 |
|---|---|---|
| \(123\!123\) | 123\!123 | 空格距离：-3/18 em |
| \(123\,123\) | 123\,123 | 空格距离：3/18 em |
| \(123\:123\) | 123\:123 | 空格距离：4/18 em |
| \(123\;123\) | 123\;123 | 空格距离：5/18 em |
| \(123\quad123\) | 123\quad123 | 空格距离：1 em |
| \(123\qquad123\) | 123\qquad123 | 空格距离：2 em |
公式
分支公式
y=
\begin{cases}
-x,\quad x\leq 0\\
x, \quad x>0
\end{cases}
\tag{1}
\[ y= \begin{cases} -x,\quad x\leq 0\\ x, \quad x>0 \end{cases} \tag{1} \]
矩阵
无括号：
\begin{matrix}
1 & 2 & 3\\
4 & 5 & 6 \\
7 & 8 & 9
\end{matrix}
\tag{1}
\[ \begin{matrix} 1 & 2 & 3\\ 4 & 5 & 6 \\ 7 & 8 & 9 \end{matrix} \tag{1} \] 小括号：
\left(
\begin{matrix}
1 & 2 & 3\\
4 & 5 & 6 \\
7 & 8 & 9
\end{matrix}
\right)
\tag{2}
\[ \left( \begin{matrix} 1 & 2 & 3\\ 4 & 5 & 6 \\ 7 & 8 & 9 \end{matrix} \right) \tag{2} \]
中括号：
\left[
\begin{matrix}
1 & 2 & 3\
4 & 5 & 6 \
7 & 8 & 9
\end{matrix}
\right]
\tag{3}
\[ \left[ \begin{matrix} 1 & 2 & 3\\ 4 & 5 & 6 \\ 7 & 8 & 9 \end{matrix} \right] \tag{3} \]
大括号：
\left{
\begin{matrix}
1 & 2 & 3\
4 & 5 & 6 \
7 & 8 & 9
\end{matrix}
\right}
\tag{4}
\[ \left\{ \begin{matrix} 1 & 2 & 3\\ 4 & 5 & 6 \\ 7 & 8 & 9 \end{matrix} \right\} \tag{4} \]
带省略号：
\left[
\begin{matrix}
a & b & \cdots & a\
b & b & \cdots & b\
\vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots\\
c & c & \cdots & c
\end{matrix}
\right]
\tag{5}
\[ \left[ \begin{matrix} a & b & \cdots & a\\ b & b & \cdots & b\\ \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots\\ c & c & \cdots & c \end{matrix} \right] \tag{5} \]
带横线/竖线分割的矩阵：
\left[
\begin{array}{c|cc}
1 & 2 & 3 \
4 & 5 & 6 \
7 & 8 & 9
\end{array}
\right]
\tag{6}
\[ \left[ \begin{array}{c|cc} 1 & 2 & 3 \\ 4 & 5 & 6 \\ 7 & 8 & 9 \end{array} \right] \tag{6} \]
\left[
\begin{array}{cc}
1 & 2 & 3 \ \hline
4 & 5 & 6 \
7 & 8 & 9
\end{array}
\right]
\tag{7}
\[ \left[ \begin{array}{cc} 1 & 2 & 3 \\ \hline 4 & 5 & 6 \\ 7 & 8 & 9 \end{array} \right] \tag{7} \]
积分
| 算式 | markdown |
|---|---|
| \(\prime\) | \prime |
| \(\int\) | \int |
| \(\iint\) | \iint |
| \(\iiint\) | \iiint |
| \(\oint\) | \oint |
| \(\nabla\) | \nabla |
| \(\int_0^2 x^2 dx\) | \int_0^2 x^2 dx |
逻辑运算
| 算式 | markdown |
|---|---|
| \(\because\) | \because |
| \(\therefore\) | \therefore |
| \(\forall\) | \forall |
| \(\exist\) | \exist |
| \(\vee\) | \vee |
| \(\wedge\) | \wedge |
| \(\bigvee\) | \bigvee |
| \(\bigwedge\) | \bigwedge |
上下标符号
| 算式 | markdown |
|---|---|
| \(\bar{a}\) | \bar{a} |
| \(\overline{a}\) | \overline{a} |
| \(\acute{a}\) | \acute{a} |
| \(\breve{a}\) | \breve{a} |
| \(\grave{a}\) | \grave{a} |
| \(\dot{a}\) | \dot{a} |
| \(\ddot{a}\) | \ddot{a} |
| \(\hat{a}\) | \hat{a} |
| \(\check{a}\) | \check{a} |
| \(\breve{a}\) | \breve{a} |
| \(\tilde{a}\) | \tilde{a} |
| \(\vec{a}\) | \vec{a} |
| \(\overline{a + b + c + d}\) | \overline{a + b + c + d} |
| \(\underline{a + b + c + d}\) | \underline{a + b + c + d} |
| \(\overbrace{a + b + c + d}\) | \overbrace{a + b + c + d} |
| \(\underline{a + b + c + d}\) | \underline{a + b + c + d} |
| \(\overbrace{a + \underbrace{b + c}_{1.0} + d}^{2.0}\) | \overbrace{a + _{1.0} + d}^{2.0} |
二元运算符
| 算式 | markdown | 描述 |
|---|---|---|
| \(\pm\) | \pm | 正负号 |
| \(\mp\) | \mp | 负正号 |
| \(\times\) | \times | 乘号 |
| \(\div\) | \div | 除号 |
| \(\ast\) | \ast | 六角星号 |
| \(\star\) | \star | 五角星号 |
| \(\mid\) | \mid | 竖线 |
| \(\nmid\) | \nmid | |
| \(\circ\) | \circ | 圈 |
| \(\bigcirc\) | \bigcirc | |
| \(\bullet\) | \bullet | |
| \(\cdot\) | \cdot | 点 |
| \(\odot\) | \odot | |
| \(\bigodot\) | \bigodot | |
| \(\oslash\) | \oslash | |
| \(\ominus\) | \ominus | |
| \(\otimes\) | \otimes | |
| \(\bigotimes\) | \bigotimes | |
| \(\oplus\) | \oplus | |
| \(\bigoplus\) | \bigoplus | |
| \(\wr\) | \wr | |
| \(\diamond\) | \diamond | |
| \(\Diamond\) | \Diamond | |
| \(\triangle\) | \triangle | |
| \(\bigtriangleup\) | \bigtriangleup | |
| \(\bigtriangledown\) | \bigtriangledown | |
| \(\triangleleft\) | \triangleleft | |
| \(\triangleright\) | \triangleright | |
| \(\lhd\) | \lhd | |
| \(\rhd\) | \rhd | |
| \(\unlhd\) | \unlhd | |
| \(\dagger\) | \dagger | |
| \(\ddagger\) | \ddagger | |
| \(\amalg\) | \amalg |
极限
| 算式 | markdown |
|---|---|
| \(\lim\) | \lim |
| \(\rightarrow\) | \rightarrow |
| \(\infty\) | \infty |
| \(\lim_{n\rightarrow+\infty}n\) | \lim_{n\rightarrow+\infty}n |
三角函数
| 算式 | markdown |
|---|---|
| \(\sin\) | \sin |
| \(\cos\) | \cos |
| \(\tan\) | \tan |
| \(\cot\) | \cot |
| \(\sec\) | \sec |
| \(\csc\) | \csc |
| \(\bot\) | \bot |
| \(\angle\) | \angle |
| \(40^\circ\) | 40^\circ |
向量
| 算式 | markdown |
|---|---|
| \(\vec{a}\) | \vec{a} |
箭头
| 算式 | markdown |
|---|---|
| \(\uparrow\) | \uparrow |
| \(\downarrow\) | \downarrow |
| \(\updownarrow\) | \updownarrow |
| \(\Uparrow\) | \Uparrow |
| \(\Downarrow\) | \Downarrow |
| \(\Updownarrow\) | \Updownarrow |
| \(\rightarrow\) | \rightarrow |
| \(\leftarrow\) | \leftarrow |
| \(\leftrightarrow\) | \leftrightarrow |
| \(\Rightarrow\) | \Rightarrow |
| \(\Leftarrow\) | \Leftarrow |
| \(\Leftrightarrow\) | \Leftrightarrow |
| \(\longrightarrow\) | \longrightarrow |
| \(\longleftarrow\) | \longleftarrow |
| \(\longleftrightarrow\) | \longleftrightarrow |
| \(\Longrightarrow\) | \Longrightarrow |
| \(\Longleftarrow\) | \Longleftarrow |
| \(\Longleftrightarrow\) | \Longleftrightarrow |
| \(\mapsto\) | \mapsto |
| \(\longmapsto\) | \longmapsto |
| \(\hookleftarrow\) | \hookleftarrow |
| \(\hookrightarrow\) | \hookrightarrow |
| \(\rightharpoonup\) | \rightharpoonup |
| \(\leftharpoondown\) | \leftharpoondown |
| \(\rightleftharpoons\) | \rightleftharpoons |
| \(\leftharpoonup\) | \leftharpoonup |
| \(\rightharpoondown\) | \rightharpoondown |
| \(\leadsto\) | \leadsto |
| \(\leadsto\) | \leadsto |
| \(\searrow\) | \searrow |
| \(\swarrow\) | \swarrow |
| \(\nwarrow\) | \nwarrow |